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Ratko Mladić (, ; born 12 March 1942) is a former Bosnian Serb military leader accused of committing war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. On 31 May 2011, Mladić was extradited to The Hague, where he was processed at the detention center that holds suspects for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). His trial formally began in The Hague on 16 May 2012. Mladić came to prominence in the Yugoslav Wars, initially as a high-ranking officer of the Yugoslav People's Army and subsequently as the Chief of Staff of the Army of Republika Srpska in the Bosnian War of 1992–1995. In 1995, he was indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. As the top military general with command responsibility, Mladić was accused by the ICTY of being responsible for the Siege of Sarajevo (5 April 1992 to 29 February 1996) and the Srebrenica massacre〔(Ratko Mladic – Amended Indictment ), from the UN (ICTY )’s website, 10 October 2002〕—the largest mass murder in Europe since the immediate aftermath of World War II. He has often been referred to by Western media as the "Butcher of Bosnia,"〔http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2011/May/Butcher-of-Bosnia-Arrested-In-Serbia/〕 a title also sometimes applied to Radovan Karadžić, the former President of Republika Srpska.〔http://voices.yahoo.com/radovan-karadzic-accused-serbian-war-criminal-captured-1710045.html〕 In July 1996 the Trial Chamber of the ICTY, proceeding in the absence of Mladić under the ICTY's Rule 61, confirmed all counts of the original indictments, finding there were reasonable grounds to believe he had committed the alleged crimes, and issued an international arrest warrant.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=IT-09-92 case information sheet )〕 The Serbian and United States governments offered €5 million for information leading to Mladić's capture and arrest.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=EUR 1 mn on Mladić’s head )〕 In October 2010, Serbia intensified the hunt by increasing the reward for Mladić's capture from €5 million to €10 million.〔(Serbia raises reward for Mladic to 10 million euros ). Reuters. Retrieved 13 November 2010.〕 Mladić nevertheless managed to remain at large for nearly sixteen years, initially sheltered by Serbian and Bosnian Serb security forces and later by family. On 26 May 2011, he was arrested in Lazarevo, Serbia. His capture was considered to be one of the pre-conditions for Serbia being awarded candidate status for European Union membership. A long-time member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, Mladić began his career in the Yugoslav People's Army in 1965 and had an undistinguished career until the outbreak of the Yugoslav Wars in 1991.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Madness of General Mladic by Robert Block )〕 ==Early life and military career== Mladić was born in Božanovići, Kalinovik, Herzegovina〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Financial Sanctions: International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia )〕 on 12 March 1942.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Генерал РАТКО МЛАДИЋ Биографија )〕 His father Neđa (1909–1945) was a member of the Yugoslav Partisans. His mother, Stana (née Lalović; 1919–2003), raised her three children; daughter Milica (born 1940), sons Ratko and Milivoje (1944–2001), by herself after the death of her husband in 1945 during World War II. Bosnia and Herzergovina was at the time part of the Independent State of Croatia, a fascist puppet state led by the Croatian Ustaše between 1941 and 1945, created after Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy invaded and partitioned the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941. Mladić's father Neđa was killed, on Ratko's third birthday, in action while leading a Partisan attack on the home village of Ustaše leader Ante Pavelić in 1945.〔Adam Lebor, "Milosevic: A Biography", p. 4〕 Upon finishing elementary school, Mladić worked in Sarajevo as a whitesmith for the "Tito Company". He entered the Military Industry School in Zemun in 1961, and then went on to the KOV Military Academy, and then the Officers Academy. Upon his graduating on 27 September 1965, he began his career in the Yugoslav Army. The same year, he joined the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, remaining a member until the party disintegrated in 1990.〔 He began his first post as an officer in Skopje on 4 November 1965, where he was the youngest soldier in the unit which he commanded. Beginning with the rank of second lieutenant (April 1968), he proved himself to be a capable officer, first commanding a platoon (May 1970), then a battalion (27 November 1974), and then a brigade. In September 1976, he began his higher military education at the "Komandno-štabne akademije" in Belgrade, finishing in first place with a grade of 9.57 (out of 10). On 25 December 1980, he became a Lieutenant colonel, and in 18 August 1986 he became a colonel, based in Štip. He finished an additional year of military education in September 1986. On 31 January 1989, he was promoted to the post of head of the Education Department of the Third Military District of Skopje. On 14 January 1991, he was promoted again, to Deputy Commander in Priština. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ratko Mladić」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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